Gossec, Laure https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-310X
Baraliakos, Xenofon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-9362
Galloway, James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-2781
Oke, Vilija https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1834-2688
Sfikakis, Petros https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5484-2930
Rampakakis, Emmanouil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-8246
Sharaf, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9847-2996
Lavie, Frederic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5213-257X
McInnes, Iain B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-4280
Clinical trials referenced in this document:
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Funding for this research was provided by:
Johnson and Johnson
Article History
Received: 8 October 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Laure Gossec: research grants: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Novartis, UCB; consulting fees: AbbVie, AlfaSigma, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Moonlake, Novartis, Pfizer, Stada, UCB; non-financial support: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Celltrion, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, UCB. Xenofon Baraliakos: speakers bureau: AbbVie, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB; consultant of: AbbVie, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB; grant/research support: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, MSD, Novartis. James Galloway: consulting fees, grant/research support, and speakers bureau: AbbVie, Alfasigma, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. Vilija Oke: consulting fees: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, AstraZeneca, and UCB. Research grant from ONO Pharma. Petros Sfikakis: consulting fees and grant/research support: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli-Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, UCB, and Pfizer. Emmanouil Rampakakis: employee: JSS Medical Research; paid consultant of: Johnson & Johnson. Mohamed Sharaf: employee: Johnson & Johnson; shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson. Frederic Lavie: employee: Johnson & Johnson at the time this work was performed and currently an employee of Les Entreprises du Médicament, Paris, France; shareholder of Johnson & Johnson. Iain B. McInnes: consulting fees: AbbVie, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cabaletta, Compugen, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Glaxo Smith Kline, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and UCB; grant/research support: Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxo Smith Kline, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Roche, and UCB; shareholder: Causeway, and Evelo Compugen; NHS GGC Board Member; Evelo Board of Directors; and Versus Arthritis Trustee.
: The COSMOS study was conducted in accordance with principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and International Council for Harmonisation Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. Each site’s ethical body approved the study protocol, and all participants provided written informed consent.