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Authors
Akita, Fumio
Seko, Noriko
Yoneda, Tomohiro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Novartis
Novartis Pharma KK
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Article History
Received: 6 November 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 30 January 2026
Declarations
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: Fumio Akita, Noriko Seko and Tomohiro Yoneda are employees of Novartis Pharma K.K., Japan.
: This study was conducted by Novartis Pharma K.K. according to the regulations of Good Post-marketing Study Practice as ordained by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, which determines that Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent are not necessarily required for conducting PMS in Japan. The study protocol was approved by a scientific/ethical review committee of Novartis. Novartis Pharma K.K. provided the investigator with an information sheet describing the objective and content of this surveillance, protection of personal information, and publication of surveillance data, and the investigator explained the surveillance to patients using the information sheet before the start of treatment. All data used in this study were fully de-identified prior to analysis.
