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Article History

Received: 7 December 2025

Accepted: 11 February 2026

First Online: 13 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Financial arrangements of the authors with companies whose products may be related to the present manuscript are listed, as declared by the authors. Xenofon Baraliakos has received research grants and consultancy fees from Novartis, Pfizer, AbbVie, Eli Lilly, UCB Pharma, Galapagos, Janssen, Celgene, and Amgen. Louis Bessette has received grant/research support from Amgen, BMS, Janssen, UCB, AbbVie, Pfizer, Merck, Celgene, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi, and Gilead; received speaker fees from Amgen, BMS, Janssen, UCB, AbbVie, Pfizer, Merck, Celgene, Lilly, Novartis, Organon, and Sanofi; and served as an officer or board member for Amgen, BMS, Janssen, UCB, AbbVie, Pfizer, Merck, Celgene, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi, Organon, and Gilead. Kurt de Vlam has received grant/research support from Amgen, UCB, and MSD; consultancy fees from Amgen, AbbVie, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Novartis, Allegro, and UCB; and speaker fees from Amgen, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Novartis, and UCB. Peter C. Taylor has received grant/research support from Alfasigma; speaker fees from AbbVie; and consulting fees from Lilly, AbbVie, Alfasigma, Gilead, Janssen, Sanofi, Nordic Pharma, UCB, Immunovant, and MoonLake. Ana Biljan, Jamie Urbanik, Tianming Gao, Victoria S. Jasion, Koji Kato, and Ralph Lippe are full-time, salaried employees of AbbVie Inc. and may own AbbVie stock or stock options. Marina Magrey has received research grants from Amgen, AbbVie, BMS, and UCB Pharma and has received consulting fees from UCB, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, and Janssen.

: Across the SELECT-AXIS 1 and SELECT-AXIS 2 trials, all patients provided written informed consent, and studies were conducted in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines, applicable regulations governing clinical trial conduct, and the Declaration of Helsinki 1964 and its later amendments. As per Good Clinical Practice (GCP), the trial protocols were approved by an independent ethics committee (IEC)/institutional review board (IRB) at each site.