Sengupta, Raj https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9720-0396
Machado, Pedro M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8411-7972
Goupille, Philippe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-1567
Rudwaleit, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-548X
Sheesh, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4430-9399
Ng, Khai Jing
Ngantcha, Marcus
Yan, Yan
Russ, Hagen https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2743-1398
Doridot, Gabriel
Xue, Yu
Poddubnyy, Denis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4537-6015
Baraliakos, Xenofon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-9362
Navarro-Compán, Victoria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-852X
Clinical trials referenced in this document:
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Funding for this research was provided by:
Eli Lilly and Company
Article History
Received: 27 February 2026
Accepted: 15 May 2026
First Online: 2 June 2026
Declarations
Conflict of Interest: Raj Sengupta has received speaking fees form AbbVie, UCB, Novartis, Eli Lilly and Company, and Pfizer and has received research support from Novartis and UCB. Pedro M. Machado has received speaking fees from AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly and Company, Galapagos/Alfasigma, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Orphazyme, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, and consulting fees form AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly and Company, Galapagos/Alfasigma, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Orphazyme, Pfizer, Roche and UCB. Philippe Goupille has received speaking fees from AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celltrion, Chugai, Janssen, Eli Lilly and Company, MSD, Novartis and UCB, and consulting fees from AbbVie, Janssen, Eli Lilly and Company, MSD, Novartis and UCB. Martin Rudwaleit has received speaking fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, and UCB, and consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, and UCB, and has received grant/research support from Janssen and UCB. Yu Xue has no conflict to declare. Denis Poddubnyy has received research support from AbbVie, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, consulting fees from AbbVie, Biocad, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Moonlake, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, speaking fees from AbbVie, Canon, DKSH, Eli Lilly, Janssen, MSD, Medscape, Novartis, Peervoice, Pfizer, and UCB, and is a member of the executive committee of ASAS. Xenofon Baraliakos has received speaking fees from Alfasigma, Amgen, BMS, Cesas, Celltrion, Galapagos, Janssen, Eli Lilly and Company, Moonlake, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Springer, Stada, Takeda, UCB and Zuellig, consulting fees from AbbVie, Alfasigma, Amgen, BMS, Cesas, Celltrion, Galapagos, Janssen, Eli Lilly and Company, Moonlake, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Springer, Stada, Takeda, UCB and Zuellig and research support from AbbVie, Celltrion, Janssen and Moonlake. Victoria Navarro-Compán has received speaking fees from AbbVie, Fresenius Kabi, Janssen, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, consulting fees from AbbVie, Alfasigma, Galapagos, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, and research support from Novartis and ASAS. Mohamed Sheesh, Khai Jing Ng, Marcus Ngantcha, Yan Yan, Hagen Russ, and Gabriel Doridot are all employees and minor shareholders of Eli Lilly and Company.
Ethical Approval: This post hoc analysis was conducted using data from COAST-V and NCT04285229, both of which were approved by ethical review boards and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment in COAST-V and NCT04285229. No additional ethical approval or informed consent was required for this secondary analysis of anonymised data.