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Article History

Received: 11 October 2023

Revised: 18 July 2024

Accepted: 21 July 2024

First Online: 13 September 2024

Declarations

:

: The authors affirm that this research was conducted in accordance with ethical standards and principles. This research has granted for ethic approval from UiTM Research Ethic Committes on Nov, 17th 2021 with approval no: REC/11/2021 (MR/879). All subjects involved in this study were treated with respect and care, and the research was conducted in compliance with relevant institutional and national ethical guidelines. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and any potential conflicts of interest have been disclosed. The authors also affirm that the research data are original, accurately represented, and free from fabrication or falsification. This work has not been previously published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The study was conducted with integrity, and all contributions have been properly acknowledged.

: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.