Fallahi, Matin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4315-9129
Arias-Cabarcos, Patricia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7401-6185
Strufe, Thorsten https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8723-9692
Funding for this research was provided by:
Helmholtz Association (46.23 Engineering Secure Systems)
Germany’s Excellence Strategy (EXC 2050/1 “CeTI’ ID 390696704)
Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 25 October 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
:
: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
: This study adheres to responsible research practices by maintaining ethical integrity. All procedures, methodologies, consent form, and tools underwent rigorous scrutiny and were approved by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology university’s Institutional Review Board (IRB).
: Each participant provided written informed consent by signing a form approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB), granting permission for their data to be analyzed.