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Authors
Pratama, Dian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8427-3644
Yusoff, Binyamin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-1474
Alcantud, Jose Carlos R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4533-9281
Abdullah, Lazim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6646-4751
Al-Sharqi, Faishal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2574-3703
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (55516)
Department of Education of the Junta de Castilla y Leon and FEDER (CLU-2025-2-03)
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Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Accepted: 31 March 2026
First Online: 17 May 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.
