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Article History

Accepted: 19 May 2024

First Online: 15 June 2024

Declarations

:

: This study was sponsored by Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, USA.

: Dr<b>.</b> James D. Lewis—Research grants: Nestle Health Science, Takeda, Janssen, and AbbVie. Consulting fees: Entasis Therapeutics, Bridge Biotherapeutics, AbbVie, Scipher Medicine, Celgene/BMS, Merck, and Janssen. Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or advisory board: Gilead, Galapagos, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Protagonist Therapeutics, Sanofi, Amgen, and Pfizer. Payment for expert testimony: Manufacturers of generic ranitidine. Dr. Ghadeer K. Dawwas—Research grants: National Institutes of Health and American Society of Hematology. Honoria: Valley Health Winchester Medical Center and BMS-Pfizer alliance. Dr. Ghadeer K. Dawwas—Employment and stockholder: Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Dr. Xian Zhoa—Employment and stockholder: Syneos Health. Drs. Theresa H. Gibble, Mingyang Shan, and April N. Naegeli—Employees and stockholders: Eli Lilly and Company<b>.</b>

: All the data from this study are presented in this manuscript, including the supplementary material. People interested in accessing SPARC IBD data for research should contact the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation.

: This study is based on previously existing de-identified observational data. The study was conducted using the ethical principles that have their origin in the Declaration of Helsinki and are consistent with Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices and applicable local laws and regulations, as appropriate. The University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board approved the study as part of the all-inclusive approval for observational studies conducted using SPARC IBD data (approval number: 823980).

: Consent was not obtained, as the data used by the research team were de-identified.

: Not applicable to this study owing to its design.

: Not applicable.

: The authors confirm contributions to the paper as follows: Drs. Hunter contributed to the conception of the study. Drs. Hunter, Lewis, Shan, and Zhoa designed the study. Zhou analyzed the data. Dr. Lewis contributed to the acquisition of data. Drs. Dawwas, Hunter, Lewis, Shan, Naegeli, and Zhou contributed to the interpretation of the data. Drs. Dawwas, Hunter, Lewis, Shan, Naegeli, and Zhou contributed to the critical revision of the paper for important intellectual content. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.