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Article History

Accepted: 25 August 2024

First Online: 20 November 2024

Declarations

:

: No funding was provided for this research.

: All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

: This study protocol was approved by the Institution Review Board of all participating sites in Taiwan (IRB CCH No. 141115, CMUCH104-REC2-024 (TR), KMUHIRB-SV(I)-20210016).

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The data supporting the results reported in this article are available upon reasonable request. Please contact the corresponding author for further information.

: The code used for the statistical analyses is available upon request. Please contact the corresponding author for more details.

: SS Chiou substantially contributed to the conception and design of the study, drafted the manuscript, and interpreted the data. MC Shen contributed to the conception and interpretation of the study. JD Wang contributed to the design of the study and analyzed the data. CY Lin, TF Weng, CT Peng, PC Lin, and YM Liao acquired and collected data and participated in patient recruitment. SC Chou collected data, contributed to interpretation, and participated in the conception of the study. L Lai conducted the statistical analysis, interpreted the results, and critically reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final submitted manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that any questions related to the accuracy or integrity of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.