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Article History

Accepted: 18 March 2025

First Online: 6 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was funded by AstraZeneca.

: Jhanelle E. Gray reports receiving grants or contracts from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, EMD Serono-Merck KGaA, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, G1 Therapeutics, Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Merck & Co Inc., Novartis, Panbela Therapeutics, Pfizer, and Regeneron; consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Blueprint Medicines, Coherus, Daiichi Sankyo Inc., EMD Serono, Gilead Sciences Inc., IDEOlogy Health, Janssen Scientific Affairs LLC, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Loxo Oncology Inc., Merck & Co Inc., Novartis, OncoCyte Biotechnology, Spectrum ODAC, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Triptych Health Partners, and Zai Lab (US) LLC; honoraria from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Blueprint Medicines, Coherus, Daiichi Sankyo Inc., EMD Serono, Gilead Sciences Inc., IDEOlogy Health, Janssen Scientific Affairs LLC, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Loxo Oncology Inc., Merck & Co Inc., Novartis, OncoCyte Biotechnology, Regeneron, Spectrum ODAC, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, and Triptych Health Partners; travel support from AbbVie, OncoCyte, and Spectrum Pharmaceuticals; participation on an advisory board or committee for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Blueprint Medicines, Coherus, Daiichi Sankyo Inc., EMD Serono, Gilead Sciences Inc., IDEOlogy Health, Janssen Scientific Affairs LLC, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Loxo Oncology Inc., Merck & Co Inc., Novartis, OncoCyte Biotechnology, Regeneron, Spectrum ODAC, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Triptych Health Partners, and Zai Lab (US) LLC; and a leadership role with the ASCO Board of Directors, ASCO Education Committee, IASLC Board of Directors, and the SWOG Lung Committee. Rachel J. Salomonsen is an employee of, and holds stock/stock options with, AstraZeneca. Ignacio Diaz Perez is an employee of, and holds stock with, AstraZeneca. Alice Wang is an employee of AstraZeneca (contracted employment through PHASTAR). Ling Cai is an employee of, and holds stock/stock options with, AstraZeneca. Graham Wetherill has been a consultant statistician with AstraZeneca since November 2021. Yang Xiao is an employee of AstraZeneca. Claire Fielden is an employee of AstraZeneca. Nefeli Georgoulia is an employee of, and holds stock/stock options with, AstraZeneca.

: Because the CancerLinQ Discovery® database is a secondary source of data, which collected and included only deidentified data with no patient-identifiable information, institutional review board approval was not required for this retrospective analysis.

: Because the CancerLinQ Discovery® database is a secondary source of data, which collected and included only deidentified data with no patient-identifiable information, patient consent was not required for this retrospective analysis.

: Not applicable.

: This study was based on data from the CancerLinQ Discovery® database. Researchers accessed data with all required permissions and based on a specific study protocol. Other parties may apply for their own data access, using the standard application/approval process. Data underlying the findings described in this manuscript may be obtained in accordance with AstraZeneca’s data sharing policy described at .

: Not applicable.

: Conceptualization: JEG, RJS, IDP, NG. Methodology: JEG, RJS, AW, LC, GW, NG. Software: AW. Validation: AW, GW. Formal analysis: RJS, AW, LC, GW, YX. Investigation: AW, GW. Data curation: AW. Writing (original draft): JEG, CF. Writing (review and editing): JEG, RJS, IDP, AW, LC, GW, CF, NG. Visualization: JEG, AW. Supervision: JEG, RJS, IDP, AW, GW, NG. Project administration: RJS, IDP, AW. Funding acquisition: RJS. All authors read and approved the final version.