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Article History

Accepted: 2 May 2025

First Online: 30 May 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was funded by Biogen (Cambridge, MA, USA). Biogen provided funding for medical writing support (development of tables, figures, copyediting) in the development of this manuscript, and the decision to submit for publication. All authors had full access to study data, had full editorial control, and approved the final version. The corresponding author had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.

: K. Blitz-Shabbir: consultant fees from Biogen and Genentech; A. Banks and H. Garg: nothing to disclose; F. Nelson: consultant fee from Novartis; S. Shah: honoraria from Novartis and TG Therapeutics; N. Belviso, J.P. Mendoza, R.L. Avila, B. Bian, and K. Fong: employees of Biogen and may hold stock in the company.

: This retrospective database analysis used de-identified claims data from the Komodo Health Claims Database in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act to protect patient privacy.

: The analysis in this manuscript was based on claims data which precludes the capacity to obtain patients’ consent to participate in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The claims database details analyzed in this study are not publicly available as this is proprietary information. Researchers can purchase the data through a licensing agreement with Komodo Health.

: Not applicable.

: Conceptualization and investigation: all; methodology, validation, and data curation: NB, JPM, RLA, BB, KF; supervision: KF, NB; writing and visualization of original draft: all; review and editing of drafts: all. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.