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Article History

Accepted: 13 May 2025

First Online: 10 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This work was supported by USV Private Limited.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (protocol code: MDRF/NCT/03-02/2024 and date of approval 9 April 2024).

: Conceptualization: Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, and Viswanathan Mohan. Data curation: Saravanan Jebarani and Sadasivam Ganesan. Formal analysis: Thyparambil Aravindakshan Pramodkumar and Rajendra Pradeepa. Funding acquisition: Viswanathan Mohan. Methodology: Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, and Viswanathan Mohan. Resources: Rajendra Pradeepa. Software: Saravanan Jebarani. Validation: Rajendra Pradeepa. Writing—original draft: Thyparambil Aravindakshan Pramodkumar. Writing—review & editing: Rajendra Pradeepa, Saravanan Jebarani, Sadasivam Ganesan, Abhijit Pednekar, Routray Philips, Suraparaju Pavan Kumar, Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, and Viswanathan Mohan. All authors read and approved the final version.

: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants.

: The authors declare no competing interests associated with this manuscript. Abhijit Pednekar is a full-time employee of USV Private Limited, Mumbai, India, which supported this research project.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.