Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 31 July 2025

First Online: 16 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

: No specific funding was received for this work.

: None of the authors have any competing interests.

: This activity was reviewed by the CDC and was conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy (e.g., 45 C.F.R. part 46.102(l)(2), 21 C.F.R. part 56; 42 U.S.C. §241(d); 5 U.S.C. §552a; 44 U.S.C. §3501 et seq.). MarketScan data are fully de-identified, so this analysis was not subject to review by the CDC institutional review board.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: This study used third-party data that we cannot legally distribute. All relevant summary data are within the article and the supporting files. The raw data underlying the results presented are available from the MerativeTM MarketScan® Research Databases: . Others can access the data by going to this website and contacting Merative. The authors did not have any special access privileges that others would not have.

: Not applicable.

: Conceptualization: Kaitlin Benedict, Dallas J. Smith, Jeremy A.W. Gold; Formal analysis and investigation: Kaitlin Benedict; Writing – original draft preparation: Kaitlin Benedict; Writing – review and editing: Kaitlin Benedict, Dallas J. Smith, Jeremy A.W. Gold. All authors read and approved the final version.