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Article History

Accepted: 28 September 2025

First Online: 8 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Hee Yeon Kay is an employee of Hubase and Hyun Ik Kim has equity in the company. Young Hee Kwon serves as the president of the Korean Pharmacy Association. However, no financial or direct organizational influence was exerted on the research process, results, or conclusions of this article.

: Research involving de-identified data does not qualify as human subjects research, as it does not involve interaction with individuals or the use of identifiable private information. Consequently, this project was granted an exemption from review by the Institutional Review Board of Sungkyunkwan University (IRB No. SKKU 2023-12-061), and the requirement for informed consent was waived. The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: As this study does not include any identifiable personal data or individual case details, informed consent was not required. The study findings are presented in an aggregated and anonymized manner, ensuring participant confidentiality.

: Not applicable.

: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the database of the National Health Insurance Sharing Service (available from ).

: Not applicable.

: Conceptualization and research question: HYK, YHK, HIK. Methodology, data extraction, data management, data synthesis, and data analysis: HYK, writing (original draft): HYK, writing (reviewing and editing): HYK, YHK, HIK. All authors read and approved the final version.