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Article History

Accepted: 12 October 2025

First Online: 28 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Abiy Agiro and Ellen Colman are employees of AstraZeneca. Arun Malhotra was an employee of AstraZeneca at the time this study was conducted. Fan Mu, Erin E. Cook, Ali Greatsinger, Jingyi Chen, and Manasvi Sundar are employees of Analysis Group, Inc., a consulting firm that received payment from AstraZeneca to conduct this study. Angela Zhao was an employee of Analysis Group, Inc. at the time this study was conducted.

: The study was considered exempt research under 45 CFR § 46.104(d)(4) as it involved only the secondary use of data that were de-identified in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, specifically, 45 CFR § 164.514. Patient data were used in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration as revised in 2013. The study team received permission from HealthVerity to access and use the study data.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available because of data license restrictions.

: The code is not publicly available because of data license restrictions.

: All authors, including AA, FM, EEC, AG, JC, MS, AZ, EC, and AM, contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by FM, EEC, AG, JC, MS, and AZ. All authors were given the opportunity to review previous versions of the manuscript, and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.