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Article History

Accepted: 15 October 2025

First Online: 27 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Tsutomu Murakami, Yuki Watanabe, Norihito Nakamura, Shigemitsu Tanaka, and Yuji Ikari have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tokai University Hospital, Japan (approval number: 23R-120), and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Written informed consent was not required because of the retrospective nature of the study. In accordance with institutional policy, study information was disclosed on the hospital website, and patients were given the opportunity to opt out.

: Not applicable.

: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Not applicable.

: TM conceived and designed the study, collected the data, performed the statistical analysis, and drafted the manuscript. YW contributed to the data collection, statistical analysis, and drafting of the manuscript. NN and ST contributed to revision of the manuscript. YI supervised the study and critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for the work.