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Authors
Mohammed, Lameis M.
Hamadalneel, Yousif B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4343-8902
Mustafa, Mawahib A.
Elhag, Elkhanssa Abdelhameed Ahmed
Ahmed, Kannan O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1829-5615
Yousef, Bashir A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7832-4556
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Article History
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 7 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this article.
: Ethics approval was obtained from the ethics committee, Ministry of Health, Khartoum State, Sudan, 4 April 2022 (No: WKH/WSAATAA/44/A). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to obtaining the data.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants before enrollment.
: Not applicable.
: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
: Not applicable.
: LMM and BAY conceived and designed the study. LMM contributed to patient recruitment and data acquisition, while both LMM and BAY were involved in conducting the study, performing data analysis, and interpreting the results. BAY supervised the research. All the authors contributed to the writing of the first draft of the manuscript. YBH edited the final draft and provided critical revisions. All the authors reviewed, edited, and approved the final manuscript.
