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Article History

Accepted: 8 December 2025

First Online: 12 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Akina Takami and Ataru Igarashi are members of the Department of Health Policy and Public Health; Gen Terashima and Takumi Tajima are employees of JMDC, Inc.; Koki Yamashita is the president of Maxwell International, Inc., wherein he provides medical writing and clinical study consultation services to academic, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device entities; Ataru Igarashi reports receiving remuneration from AstraZeneca K.K., Eisai, Co, Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo, Co. Ltd., and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Co.

: Akina Takami developed the concept and the study design; Akina Takami, Gen Terashima, and Takumi Tajima analyzed the data. All authors participated in writing and reviewing the manuscript, and have read and approved the final version.

: Ethics approval was not applicable to this study based on the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects issued by the MHLW since only completely encrypted data were used.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The datasets generated for this manuscript are available in the JADER ( ).

: Not applicable.