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Article History

Accepted: 11 December 2025

First Online: 12 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This work was supported in part by funding from Servier Pharmaceuticals. Coauthors not employed by Servier (DRF, MER, JAW) received no financial support from Servier. Editorial assistance was provided by Christine Inglesby, DPhil, CMMP, and Yien Liu, PhD, both of Envision 90Ten, an Envision Medical Communications agency, a part of Envision Pharma Group, and was funded by Servier.

: David R. Freyer and Julie A. Wolfson have no relevant financial or nonfinancial conflicts of interest to disclose. Michael E. Roth has received unrelated research funding from Pfizer. Jian Zhu, Qian Meng, Rachana Agarwal, Rui (Sammi) Tang, and Tarun Bhagnani are employees of Servier Pharmaceuticals.

: As the database used in this study is deidentified under the Expert Determination method and is compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, approval was not needed.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Study-level results will be made available upon reasonable request from a qualified medical or scientific professional for the specific purpose laid out in that request. The data for this request will be available after a data access agreement has been signed. Please send your data sharing request via email to the corresponding author.

: Conceptualization: DRF, JZ, MER, JAW, RT, TB; data curation and formal analysis: JZ, QM, RA; funding acquisition: TB; investigation: DRF, JZ, MER, JAW, TB; methodology: DRF, JZ, MER, JAW, QM, RA, RT, TB; project administration and resources: TB; software: JZ, QM, RA; supervision: DRF, MER, JAW, RT; validation: QM, RA, TB; visualization: JZ, QM, RA, RT; writing – original draft: DRF, TB; writing – review and editing: JZ, MER, JAW, QM, RA, RT; final approval: DRF, JZ, MER, JAW, QM, RA, RT, TB. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.