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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of South Carolina (100014638)
American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (10012653)
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Article History
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
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: Chengwen Teng, Jun Wu, Jing Yuan, and Z. Kevin Lu have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.
: The Institutional Review Board of The University of South Carolina determined that this study is not human subject research (IRB number: Pro00101342). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.
: The software codes used in this study will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.
: Study concept and design: CT, JW, JY, ZKL. Statistical analysis: CT. Interpretation of data: CT, JW, JY, ZKL. Drafting of the manuscript: CT, ZKL. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: CT, JW, JY, ZKL. Study supervision: CT, ZKL. All authors read and approved the final version.
