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Article History

Accepted: 10 March 2026

First Online: 9 May 2026

Declarations

:

: D. Bosch received speaker honoraria from MSD. A.M. Bergman received research grants and honoraria from Astellas, Sanofi, Bayer, and Janssen. M.J. van der Doelen received research grants from Bayer and Janssen and received speaker fees from Astellas. A.J.M. van den Eertwegh received study grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Idera and travel fees from Ipsen, and is a member of the advisory boards of Bristol-Myers Squibb, MSD Oncology, Ipsen, Pierre Fabre, and Janssen. A.C.M. van de Luijtgaarden received honoraria from Astellas, Bayer, Eisai, Ipsen, Janssen, MSD/AstraZeneca, AAA Novartis, and Pfizer, and is a member of the advisory board for the Dutch Prostate Cancer Foundation. N. Mehra reports grants from Janssen-Cilag, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation, and MSD Oncology and personal and institutional fees for consulting or advisory role from Janssen-Cilag, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, MSD Oncology, Bayer, and Pfizer. R.J.A. van Moorselaar received speaker fees from or is a member of the advisory boards of Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Curium, Janssen and Pantarhei Bioscience. W.L. Vervenne received honoraria from Servier Nederland Farma. P.F.A. Mulders received research funds from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Telix, and Byondis. M.C.P. Kuppen received research grants from AAA Novartis, Astellas, Bayer, and MSD/AstraZeneca. I.M. van Oort is a member of the advisory boards for MSD/AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Astellas, and Bayer; received a research grant from AAA Novartis; and received research grants and personal fees from Astellas, Bayer, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, MSD/AstraZeneca, and Pfizer. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: The study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee Oost-Nederland (CMO 2020-6573) and all participating institutions.

: Written informed consent was obtained from living patients by the treating physician, except for those lost to follow-up.

: Not applicable.

: The custom code (SPSS syntaxes) and datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to license agreements between the CAPRI foundation, participating hospitals, and sponsoring parties, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request and with permission of the CAPRI foundation.

: DB and KJMV performed the acquisition and (statistical) analysis of data. DB interpretated the data and drafted the manuscript. MCPK and IMO obtained funding, performed administrative support, and provided supervision. All authors contributed to the conception and design and critical revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.