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Article History

Accepted: 18 March 2026

First Online: 9 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Ju-Young Shin received grants from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the National Research Foundation of Korea, and pharmaceutical companies, including LG Chem, UCB, Pfizer, Celltrion, and SK Bioscience, outside the submitted work. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest, including any specific financial interests, relationships, or affiliations related to the subject matter of this manuscript.

: The data that supports the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Sungkyunkwan University (approval number: SKKU 2025-05-051). The requirement for informed consent was waived because the study used de-identified data from VigiBase.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.