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Article History

Accepted: 6 April 2026

First Online: 20 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Francesco Pastore received speaker honoraria from Biogen, Merck, Neuraxpharm, Novartis, Roche, and Sandoz. Emanuela Domenicone has no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article. Patrizia DellOro and Charlotte Lefort are employed by Novartis Farma SpA, Milan, Italy.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the current European General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation EU 2016/679). All participants received detailed information about the objectives, procedures, voluntary nature, and data protection measures of the study, and provided informed consent prior to questionnaire completion. Submission to an ethics committee was not required, according to the most recent provisions of the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA, 2024) regarding non-interventional studies that do not involve the collection of biological samples or clinical interventions. All data have been collected according to the 2025 European Pharmaceutical Market Research Association Code of Conduct ( ).

: Before providing informed consent to participate and accessing the questionnaire, participants were informed that the survey was conducted for research purposes with the aim of better understanding treatment satisfaction among people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and that the data collected for the study could be used for scientific dissemination in aggregated form. Participants were informed that they could ask their treating healthcare professional or contact the study team if they had any questions regarding the survey.

: Not applicable.

: The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

: Not applicable.

: FP: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, formal analysis, writing (original draft), writing (review and editing). ED: investigation, project administration, writing (review and editing. PDO: conceptualization, writing (review and editing). CL: conceptualization, writing (review and editing). All authors read and approved the final version.