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Article History

Accepted: 27 April 2026

First Online: 19 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was funded by GSK (Study 216984).

: S-BY and E-BL are employed by GSK. J-EC and D-JB are employed by GSK and hold financial equities in GSK. S-HP , S-HK , EYL , Y-AL and S-CB report no conflicting interests.

: This manuscript has no associated data. For requests for access to anonymized subject-level data, please contact the corresponding author.

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety for the study, in accordance with the risk management plan (RMP). The RMP for IV belimumab was in accordance with Article 7-2 of the regulation on approval and examination of biological products [ ]. This study was conducted in accordance with regulatory requirements including institutional review board approval (Institutional Review Board of Hanyang University Hospital; 2021-04-023-002), Declaration of Helsinki 2008 and its later amendments, patient informed consent and investigator reporting requirements. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee at each of the 18 participating study sites.

: Consent was obtained prior to the start of the study from each participating patient.

: S-BY, J-EC, D-JB and E-BL contributed to the conception or design of the study. S-HP, S-HK, EYL, Y-AL and S-CB contributed to the acquisition of data. S-BY, J-EC and E-BL contributed to data analysis and interpretation. All authors critically reviewed and approved the final version of this manuscript.

: Not applicable

: Not applicable.