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Article History

Accepted: 26 May 2026

First Online: 10 June 2026

Declarations

:

: According to the Swiss national ethical and legal regulations, ethical approval from the local ethical committee of the canton Zurich was not needed for the study as all data were de-identified. Written informed consent from the study population was waived because of the retrospective nature of this study.

: Not applicable.

: Owing to Swiss law restrictions, data are not publicly available. Insurance claims data from Helsana Group underlie protection and privacy restrictions but are available upon reasonable request from Helsana Department of Health Sciences (C.A.H.).

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: M.A.A. contributed to conception and design, analysis, and interpretation of data, and preparation of the manuscript; M.P.H. contributed to interpretation of data and preparation of the manuscript; M.N. acquisition of data, contributed to conception and design, analysis, and preparation of the manuscript; R.F. contributed to interpretation of data and preparation of manuscript; C.A.H. contributed to conception and design and preparation of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version.