Clephane, Kirstin
Lorenz, Tierney K.
Calkins, Frances C.
Phillips, Eric
Brock, Rebecca L.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (P20GM130461, 1R01MD015905)
National Institutes of Health (P20GM130461, 1R01MD015905)
Nebraska Tobacco Settlement of Biomedical Research Development Fund
UNL Office of Research and Economic Development
Article History
Received: 9 October 2024
Revised: 26 November 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This project was approved by the IRB (Approval #: 20151215700EP) at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
: Informed consent was obtained from all couples in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: not applicable.