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Article History

Received: 12 November 2025

Revised: 14 December 2025

Accepted: 29 December 2025

First Online: 31 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

: Following Article 5 of the Human Subjects Research Act of Taiwan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare, specific research protocols are exempt from Institutional Review Board (IRB) review. Our study falls under these exemption categories because it involved only collecting decision information from professional experts, posing minimal risk to participants. Specifically, the research did not involve the collection of personal or sensitive data, ensured anonymized data processing, and did not include any interventional procedures. Therefore, formal IRB review and approval were not required for the conduct of this research. All participants were fully informed of the study’s purpose, and their voluntary participation was ensured.

: was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Consent was secured between July 12, 2025, and July 20, 2025. Each prospective participant received a written information sheet detailing the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, confidentiality safeguards, and the voluntary nature of their participation. The consent encompassed: (i) participation in the study, (ii) the use of de-identified data for academic research, and (iii) the publication of anonymized results. Participants were assured that their responses would remain confidential and be reported only in aggregate form.