Chaerun, Siti Khodijah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-6253
Winarko, Ronny https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2954-9019
Chaerun, Raudhatul Islam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1532-7343
Mufakhir, Fika Rofiek https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-776X
Lumbantobing, Sarinah Tiodora
Rus, Aisyah Minzikrina Masbar https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9773-3006
Masruri, Muhammad Hafid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-0198
Ichlas, Zela Tanlega https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-5948
Minwal, Wahyudin Prawira https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6080-3706
Santoso, Imam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7728-7247
Astuti, Widi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-4291
Funding for this research was provided by:
Direktorat Pendanaan Riset dan Inovasi, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, and LPDP, Indonesia (the RIIM Gelombang III Program Riset dan Inovasi untuk Indonesia Maju Gelombang 3 Tahun 2024)
Direktorat Pendanaan Riset dan Inovasi, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, and LPDP, Indonesia (LPPM.PN-13-10-2023-5/IV/KS/05/2023)
Direktorat Pendanaan Riset dan Inovasi, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, and LPDP, Indonesia (333/IT1.B07/KS.00/2023.)
Article History
Received: 24 December 2024
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 29 October 2025
Declarations
:
: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Free to read: This content has been made available to all.