Duan, Chenyang
Xiao, Ke
Wang, Yinke
Liu, Ye
Ahmed, Yameen
Pang, Zhentao
Zhan, Wenjun
Sun, Hongfei
Gao, Han
Luo, Haowen
Zhang, Yuhong
Luo, Xin
Deng, Yu
Saidaminov, Makhsud I.
Tan, Hairen
Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Accepted: 2 November 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Ethics
: Conflict of interest Tan H, Duan C, Xiao K, and Wang Y are inventors on a patent application related to this work filed by Nanjing University and Renshine Solar (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. Tan H is the founder, Chief Scientific Officer, and Chairman of Renshine Solar (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., a company that is commercializing perovskite PVs. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.