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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NSTC (112-2221-E-A49-009-MY3)
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
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Article History
Received: 18 February 2025
Accepted: 28 April 2025
First Online: 7 June 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Approval No.: 2022-07-013BC). The need for individual informed consent was waived by the IRB due to the retrospective nature of the study and the exclusive use of anonymized imaging data. All imaging data were fully anonymized prior to analysis to ensure the protection of participants' privacy and confidentiality.
: The study did not involve direct interaction with participants, and all data were anonymized before analysis. As such, individual informed consent was not applicable. The ethics approval by the IRB included a waiver for obtaining individual consent.
