Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSC 113-2221-E-224-042-)
National Science and Technology Council (113-2221-E-224 -037, 113-2622-E-224 -017, 114-2221-E-224 -050)
Article History
Received: 2 May 2025
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 28 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All participants in the ADNI study provided written informed consent, and the data collection was conducted in compliance with institutional review board (IRB) approvals at each participating site.