Yang, Qinqin
Yan, Yichen
Yang, Bin
Yuan, Liang
Yao, Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0044-7307
Pu, Fang
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC. 12272033)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC3603901)
Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST (YESS 2015QNRC001)
National Key Lab of Virtual Reality Technology (National Key Lab of Virtual Reality Technology)
Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Biological and Medical Ethics Committee of Beihang University (Approval ID: BM20200055).
: Qinqin Yang: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft. Yichen Yan: Data Curation, Validation. Bin Yang: Resources, Data Curation, Validation. Liang Yuan: Resources, Data Curation, Validation. Jie Yao: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing, Funding acquisition. Fang Pu: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.