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Authors
Siraj, Anum https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-7451
Razzaq, Syeda Saima https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1867-9034
Salim, Asmat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5181-0458
Naeem, Nadia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-7340
Haneef, Kanwal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4725-4281
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Article History
Received: 6 March 2025
Revised: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 13 November 2025
Declarations
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: This research study was approved by the institutional bioethical committee of University of Karachi (protocol #: IBC KU-383/2023).
: All participants provided written informed consent for the respective use of the cord tissues.
: The author(s) declare no competing interest.
