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Authors
Afrisham, Reza https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8064-118X
Ahmadvand, Mohammad
Sadegh-nejadi, Sahar
Kashanikhatib, Zahra
Kaviani, Saeed
Farrokhi, Vida
Helali, Maryam
Alizadeh, Shaban
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (1400-3-102-56850)
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Revised: 9 December 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and received formal approval from Tehran University of Medical Sciences’ Ethics Committee (IR.TUMS.SPH.REC.1401.004). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants through signed consent forms.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no conflict of interests.
: Declaration of AI-assisted technologies in the writing process : During the preparation of this review, the authors utilized ChatGPT solely for grammar checking and refining readability. The content was not generated by AI; it was only used as a tool for enhancement. After applying these tools, the authors carefully reviewed and edited the content as necessary and take full responsibility for the material presented in this publication.
