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Authors
Tiongco, Raphael Enrique https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7793-6558
Bugarin, Brien Andrei
Guico, Carla Mae
Gonzales, Jean Denise
Buco, Julia Ysabelle
Capili, Maria Carmela
Santillan, Jennifer
Navarro, Annalyn
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Article History
Received: 23 December 2024
Revised: 6 December 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
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: No individual data or image are involved in the study.
: None declared.
: Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Angeles University Foundation Office of the Vice President for Research and Innovation-Ethics Review Committee ( 2024-CAMP-Student-072 ).
: Consent to voluntarily participate in the study was obtained without any deception, wherein participants were made aware of the significance of the study, their benefits from participating, and the possible associated risks and mitigating measures. All research team members ensured that all procedures were discussed, all personal information regarding the respondents remained confidential, and informed consent providing enough information and assurance to the participants was provided before their involvement in the study.
