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Article History

Received: 14 June 2025

Accepted: 16 September 2025

First Online: 23 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors confirm that the intellectual content of this publication is the result of our own efforts, and that all outside aid or funds have been acknowledged. There are no conflicts of interest declared by the authors. This is to certify that to the best of authors’ knowledge, the content of this manuscript is original. The paper has not been submitted elsewhere nor has been published anywhere. Authors confirm that the intellectual content of this paper is the original product of our work and all the assistance or funds from other sources have been acknowledged. We acknowledge the use of ChatGPT (OpenAI) for language polishing and minor structural editing only; the authors reviewed and take full responsibility for all content.

: ‘I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked in draft or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the draft.’

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in this study, ensuring that they were fully aware of the purpose, methods, potential benefits, and risks of the research. In cases where patient data was used, patient consent was explicitly obtained in accordance with ethical guidelines. All necessary measures were taken to ensure the confidentiality and privacy of the participants’ information.