Li, Faming https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4540-5584
Qiu, Shengli
Ning, Baoling
Yang, Xiaochun
Wang, Bin
Li, Jianzhong
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62232007)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A2025)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23A20309)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62202091)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (N25LPY012)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (N2316008)
Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Revised: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 28 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare they have no financial interests.
: The co-author Xiaochun Yang and Jianzhong Li are on the editorial board of Data Science and Engineering.