Mohd Din, Siti Hajar Aisyah
Kudus, Sakhiah Abdul
Misnan, Mohamad Farid
Jamadin, Adiza
Wagiman, Khairul Rijal
Funding for this research was provided by:
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam (600-TNCPI 5/3/DDF (KPK) (003/2023))
Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Revised: 13 September 2025
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.