Updates are available Correction dated 2025-10-28

Article History

Received: 13 June 2025

Accepted: 14 August 2025

First Online: 16 September 2025

Change Date: 16 October 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: This note corrects an error in Table 6 Comparative effectiveness in subgroup of patients who were on both ICS and SABA at baseline, of the supplement. The original publication inadvertently mentioned the exacerbation rate as PPPY (per person per year) instead of PPPD (per person per day). The correct exacerbation rate for the Primary and Supplementary Estimands in Table 6 is PPPD. The rest of the table remains the same, and the interpretation of the results is unchanged.

Change Date: 28 October 2025

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41030-025-00325-y

Declarations

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: Ashley Woodcock has given lectures for Orion and consulted for GSK and Orion. John Blakey reports grants or contracts from AstraZeneca, GSK, and Novartis; consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, and GSK; payment or honoraria from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, and GSK; support for attending meetings and/or travel from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, and GSK; receipt of medical writing support from GSK and Teva; payment to their institution for advisory work from Asthma Australia; and unpaid advisory work from Asthma WA. Arnaud Bourdin has received grants, personal fees, non-financial support, and other support from Actelion, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, and GSK; personal fees, non-financial support, and other support from Chiesi, Novartis, and Regeneron; personal fees and non-financial support from Teva; personal fees from Gilead; non-financial support and other support from Roche; and other support from Nuvaira. Giorgio Walter Canonica reports having received research grants as well as being a lecturer or having received advisory board fees from: A. Menarini, AstraZeneca, Celltrion, Chiesi, Faes, Firma, Genentech, GSK, Hal Allergy, Innovacaremd, Novartis, OM Pharma, Red Maple, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi-Regeneron, Stallergenes Greer, and Uriach Pharma. Christian Domingo declares having received financial aid for travel support and speakers’ bureaus from ALK-Abello, Allergy Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, GSK, Hall Allergy, Inmunotek, A. Menarini Diagnostics, MSD, Novartis, ROXALL, Sanofi, and Stallergenes. Alexander Ford, Rosie Hulme and Theo Tritton are employees of Adelphi Real World, which received funding for this study from GSK. Arunangshu Biswas, Ines Palomares, Manish Verma, and Sanchayita Sadhu are GSK employees; Arunangshu Biswas, Ines Palomares and Manish Verma hold financial equities in GSK.

: This study was conducted according to GSK SOP52213 (Conducting Quality Control Review of Study Results generated using Existing Data in VEO and USVEO) and complied with all applicable laws regarding patient privacy. CPRD has NHS Health Research Authority (HRA) Research Ethics Committee (REC) approval to allow the collection and release of anonymised primary care data for observational research [NHS HRA REC reference number: 05/MRE04/87]. Each year CPRD obtains Section 251 regulatory support through the HRA Confidentiality Advisory Group (CAG), to enable patient identifiers, without accompanying clinical data, to flow from CPRD contributing GP practices in England to NHS Digital, for the purposes of data linkage [CAG reference number: 21/CAG/0008]. The protocol for this research was approved by CPRD’s Research Data Governance (RDG) Process (protocol number: 221602) and the approved protocol is available upon request. Linked pseudonymised data were provided for this study by CPRD. Data are linked by NHS Digital, the statutory trusted third party for linking data, using identifiable data held only by NHS Digital. Select general practices consent to this process at a practice level with individual patients having the right to opt-out. This study is based in part on data from the CPRD obtained under license from the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. The data are provided by patients and collected by the NHS as part of their care and support. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) was the provider of the ONS Data contained within the CPRD Data and maintains a Copyright © [2025]. The Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) was the provider of HES-Admitted Patient Care and HES-Outpatient databases contained within the CPRD Data and maintain a Copyright © [2025] and Copyright © [2025] respectively. Linked data were reused with the permission of The Health & Social Care Information Centre, all rights reserved. As this study used aggregate CPRD-HES data omitting patient identification, no patient contact or primary collection of data from human participants was required. The interpretation and conclusions contained in this study are those of the author/s alone.