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Authors
Murad, Mariam M. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8006-996X
Atkin, Stephen L.
Wasif, Pearl W.
Behzad, Alwaleed Abdulaziz
Husain, Aamal M. J. Abdulla
d’Hellencourt, Florence Lefebvre
Joury, Jean
Aziz, Mohamed Abdel
Haridy, Hammam
Spinardi, Julia
Wang, Lu
Boland, Fiona
Kyaw, Moe H.
Al-Qahtani, Manaf
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pfizer (76181715)
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Article History
Received: 27 July 2025
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: Mariam M. Murad, Stephen L. Atkin, Pearl W. Wasif, Alwaleed Abdulaziz Behzad, Aamal M. J. Abdulla Husain, Florence Lefebvre d’Hellencourt, Jean Joury, Mohamed Abdel Aziz, Hammam Haridy, Julia Spinardi, Lu Wang, Fiona Boland, Moe H. Kyaw, and Manaf Al-Qahtani have nothing to disclose.
: The study was conducted according to the guidelines and approved by the National COVID-19 Taskforce ethical approval, obtained in June 2023 for this retrospective study (CRT-COVID2022-160). A waiver which aligns with FDA guidelines that permits us to use the participants’ information for this study, including for publication purposes, was obtained from the National COVID-19 Taskforce ethics committee, allowing us to proceed without additional consent.
