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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Medical Research Council (MOH-001636)
National Medical Research Council (MOH-001356)
National Medical Research Council (MOH-000955)
Ministry of Education - Singapore (AcRF Tier 1 Grant (RT1/22))
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Article History
Received: 5 November 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: Sanjay H. Chotirmall has served on advisory boards for CSL Behring, Pneumagen Ltd., Zaccha Pte Ltd, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK and Sanofi, on DSMBs for Inovio Pharmaceuticals and Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and has received personal fees from AstraZeneca and Chiesi Farmaceutici, all unrelated to this work. Kai Xian Thng and Micheál Mac Aogáin have no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
