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Article History

Received: 5 April 2026

Accepted: 11 May 2026

First Online: 20 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Associate Professor Sohal reports honorarium for lectures from Chiesi, travel support from Chiesi, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, and GSK, and research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim and Lung Therapeutics, outside the submitted work; and has served on the Small Airway Advisory Board for Chiesi Australia for which an honorarium has been received. Associate Professor Sohal has served as Chair for the Chiesi Advisory Board for Centre of Excellence in Oscillometry, for which an honorarium was received. Associate Professor Sukhwinder Sohal (senior author on this paper) is on the Editorial Board of Pulmonary Therapy and was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Dr Wenying Lu, Dr Maddison Waters, Dr Josie Larby, Dr Sapha Shibeeb, Professor Steven Bozinovski, Professor Stavros Selemidis, Professor Jonathan McQualter, Professor Ross Vlahos, Professor Md Imtaiyaz Hassan, and Associate Professor Heinrich Weber do not have any conflict of interest to declare.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee (Tasmania) (Ethics: H0013051).

: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.