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Article History

Received: 10 February 2026

Accepted: 9 July 2026

First Online: 24 August 2026

Declarations

Conflict of interest: Javier de Miguel-Díez has received grants and honoraria from Abbott, AstraZeneca, BIAL, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, FAES, Gebro, GSK, Janssen, Menarini, Novartis, Sanofi, Roche, Teva, Pfizer, and Zambón. Francisco Javier Callejas-González has received grants and honoraria from Astra Zeneca, Gebro Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, and Bial. Chiesi, Grifols, Sanofi Genzyme and Menarini. Cruz González-Villaescusa has received grants and honoraria from AstraZeneca, BIAL, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, FAES, Gebro, GSK, Menarini, Pari, Sanofi, Teva, Pfizer, and Zambón. Borja G. Cosío has received grants, travel support and speaker fees from AstraZeneca, BIAL, Chiesi, FAES, Gebro, GSK, Menarini, Sanofi, and Teva. Salud Santos has received grants, travel support and speaker fees from Ambú, AstraZeneca, BIAL, Chiesi, Gebro, GSK, Menarini, MSD, and Sanofi. Marina Blanco-Aparicio has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Regeneron, GSK, Chiesi, BIAL, Vertex, Teva, Carlos Cabrera has received grants and honoraria from Astra Zeneca, Gebro Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Bial, Chiesi, Grifols, Sanofi Genzyme, Zambon, and Menarini. Sanofi has funded the BRIDGE project, and members of the steering committee have received honoraria for their contribution to the project, excluding this publication. The steering committee entirely drives the direction and content of the project.

Ethical Approval: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.