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Authors
Ismail, Azlan
Jawaddi, Siti Nuraishah Agos
Sazali, Faris Haziq
Mohamad Zain, Jasni
Haron, Nazleeni Samiha
Krishnan, Nor Farisha M.
Mausor, Farahida Hanim
Hasan, Mohd Hilmi
Jaafar, Jafreezal
Aziz, Izzatdin Abdul
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Yayasan UTP
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 11 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: Not applicable. The research did not involve human participants, animal subjects, or interventions requiring ethical review. Therefore, no ethical standard (e.g. Declaration of Helsinki) was required.
: Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants.
