Al-Tameemi, Ahmed Farhan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9365-5193
Al-Allaf, Mustafa Hameed
Al-Fayyadh, Zahraa Talib
Daud, Sultan A.
Wang, Yu
Article History
Received: 23 April 2025
Accepted: 30 July 2025
First Online: 26 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: The authors declare that the research does not involve human participants and/or animals.
: The authors declare their consent to publish this article in the journal of Innovative Infrastructure Solutions (IIS).