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Authors
Tan, Liang
Zhang, Xin
Fu, Zhijian
Dong, Chunyao
Zhou, Chang
Hou, Caiyun
Lin, Yuanyuan
Wang, Xiaolei
Li, Li
Zhou, Jin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shenyang Science and Technology Plan Projects (21-173-9-62)
Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2022-MS-430)
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Accepted: 1 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
:
: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
: The survey was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First People’s Hospital of Shenyang, and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (number: 2023SYKYPZ32).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
