Nuryati, Sri https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1149-1485
Octavera, Anna https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0895-0339
Karima, Salma Nur
Alimuddin, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-9148
Yuhana, Munti
Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Revised: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Declarations
:
: All experimental procedures involving Litopenaeus vannamei were conducted in accordance with institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of aquatic animals in research, and were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Approval No. 123/KEH/SKE/X/2023.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.