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Authors
Malkamäki, Henriikka https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1694-1368
Gotama, Rinaldi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5313-8589
Sparks, Lauren D.
Stean, Serena J.
Prasetijo, Rahmadi
Roth, Florian
Sebastian, Pascal
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Helsinki
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Article History
Received: 6 April 2025
Revised: 15 November 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
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: Permission to conduct research in Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area was granted by Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu, Pemerintah Provinsi Bali, Indonesia (No. B.30.070/522.E/IZIN-C/DPMPTSP). No approval of research ethics committees was required to accomplish the goals of this study as it involved experimental work with invertebrate species.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
