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Authors
Ding, Jiahui
Zhao, Donghui
Liu, Baixue
Yang, Junyou
Wang, Shuoyu
Liu, Houde
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.92248304)
Key Research and Development Projects of Artiffcial Intelligence (No.2023JH26/10200018)
Basic Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (No.LJ212410142073)
Dreams Foundation of Jianghuai Advance Technology Center (No.ZM01Z016)
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Article History
Received: 3 August 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Declarations
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: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
: All participants were made aware of the study’s purpose, methods, and possible risks and benefits, and voluntarily agreed to participate. The study followed the ethical guidelines of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later revisions.
: This study complies with the ethical standards for research involving human participants as stipulated in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Detailed information about the study was provided to all participants prior to the research, and all voluntarily agreed to participate. No animal experiments were conducted in this study.
