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Authors
Akbari, Paniz https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6995-7220
Khanipour, Hamid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7706-5951
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Revised: 16 January 2026
Accepted: 21 May 2026
First Online: 2 June 2026
Declarations
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: All participants were adults and provided electronic informed consent prior to participation. In accordance with local policy for anonymous, minimal-risk online surveys of adults, formal ethics committee/IRB review was not required. No personally identifying information was collected. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: No generative AI tools were used in the writing of the manuscript or in the data analysis.
: Not applicable.
: Behavioral Science, Social Media Effects, Emotional Health, Machine Learning in Psychology.
: The authors declare no known competing financial interests or personal relationships.
